Grandiflora: A modern class of roses, similar to the Hybrid tea, in which clusters of high centered
blooms are presented atop a tall bush.
Ground cover Rose: A rose with a prostrate habit that can be used for bedding
Hips: The pod of seeds that may develop if a spent bloom is not removed.
Hybrid: The progeny of genetically different parents.
Hybrid musk: A modern class of roses with an old fashioned look that trace their origin to Rev.
Joseph Pemberton (1850-1926) of Essex, England. Musk roses have long, arching canes.
Hybrid perpetual: An old class of roses that dominated during the Victorian and Edwardian eras
with over 1000 cultivars.
Hybrid Tea: The first modern class of roses. The form is high-centered bloom of the Tea on the
long, straight stem.
Hybridize: The act of creating a new rose cultivar by selectively fertilizing one rose with the pollen
of another in the hopes that the progeny will carry some of the traits of each.
Landscape Rose: Any rose that will fit into the garden landscape as a low maintenance shrub or
ground cover.
Large-Flowered Climber: A climbing rose that originated as such rather than sporting from a bush
form. Climber without bush form.
Mme: The abbreviation for the French word Madame (translating to Mrs. in English).
Manetti: A Noisette introduced in 1835 that is commonly used in America as a rootstock for the
production of greenhouse and some garden roses.
Miniature Rose: A class of roses originally from China roses that are diminutive in size.
Mildew: Fungal diseases of roses. Powdery mildew manifests itself as a white growth on new
leaves. Downy mildew manifests itself as purple-black blotches on stems.
Mites: Tiny members of the arachnid (spider) family that colonize on the underside of rose leaves.
Mites can defoliate a entire bush rapidly.
Mons: The abbreviation in French for Monsieur (translating to Mr. in English).
Mosaic (aka: Rose Mosaic virus): Symptoms include yellow veins or light ring spots in leaves. Can
only be transmitted by the budding of infected stock and that there is little risk of transmitting it by
pruning. Over watering is often mistaken for mosaic as they have similar symptoms.
Mulch: The application of compost or other organic material to the soil for the purpose of
reducing evaporation, fertilizing, or weed suppression.
Multiflora: Derived from Rosa multiflora, a hardy rootstock commonly used in colder climates.
Noisette: A old class of largely climbing roses that originated around 1800 in South Carolina. They
have long slender canes and thrive in warm to hot climates.
Old Garden Rose: (aka: OGR): Defined by the American Rose Society as being a member of a rose
class that existed prior to the introduction of the first Hybrid La France, in 1867.
Once-blooming: (aka: Summer-flowering): A rose that has one annual bloom over an extended
period in late spring or early summer. Most Species and many old garden roses are once
blooming. Most modern roses are not.
Own-root: A rose that is grown directly on its own roots rather than by budding onto a rootstock.
In severe winter areas, own-root roses offer the advantage of being able to regenerate true to name
directly form their roots.
Patented Rose: A rose for which unlicensed propagation is prohibited for a period of up to 25 years
under federal regulations.
Patio rose: (American) A miniature tree rose of 18" to 24" in height. (European) A class of roses
that fits between miniatures and double flowered (Floribunda) roses in size.
Photosynthesis: The fundamental process of life on Earth, in which plants convert water, carbon
dioxide and sunlight into sugars.
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